This synthesis investigates the current level of knowledge and practise related polymer-modified Bitumen (PmBs). The data for this study came from a careful evaluation of the most recent studies in the literature on modified bituminous materials, technologies, and achievements. The paper is divided into two main sections for this purpose. The Bitumen itself is explored in terms of chemical structure and microstructural systems in the first half. The paper's second section focuses on bitumen modification from several perspectives in order to examine the efficiency of the introduced additives and polymers in improving the engineering qualities of bitumen in both paving and industrial applications. Finally, the findings of this investigation demonstrated the significance of the chemical composition of base bitumen for its alteration while some polymers/additives can improve one or more elements of neat bitumen characteristics, they can cause compatibility issues in storage and production. Several studies have demonstrated the efficiency of waxes in enhancing the compatibility of polymers with bitumen, as well as some advantages in the creation of warm mix asphalt (WMA).
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