Cysteine is a sulfur containing amino acid, which derives itsuniqueness from the chemically reactive hydroxyl group. It contributes to thestability of proteins by building disulfide bridges. Thus, it enables theformation of strong fiber strands such as hair, wool, and feathers as well ashorns, hooves, and nails. These are made up of protein containing highproportion of cysteine. Cysteine is obtained primarily from feathers. It isalso commonly extracted from human hair and bristles and hooves of swine.Feathers are boiled with hydrochloric acid to obtain cysteine. Wacker Chemie AGhas developed a method for producing L-cysteine with the help of bacterialfermentation. Cysteine, when taken as a supplement, is usually in the form ofN-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC). The body converts this into cysteine and then intoglutathione, a powerful antioxidant. Antioxidants fight free harmful compoundsin the body that damage cell membranes and DNA. Researchers believe freeradicals play a key role in aging as well as development of a number of healthproblems, including heart diseases and cancer.
Demand forcysteine is primarily driven by its application in pharmaceutical and foodindustries. L-cysteine can break disulfide bridges in peptides and proteins andact as radical scavenger. It can be used as reducing agent. Therefore, demandfor cysteine is expected to increase significantly during the forecast period.
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Based onthe method used for production, the cysteine market can be bifurcated intotraditional method and biotechnology based method. L-cysteine is traditionallyproduced from animal products such as feathers or hairs. With the newbiotechnological method developed by Wacker Chemie AG, Escherichia coli,Bacteria were modified, first, to produce far more L-cysteine than they needfor themselves by selective biomolecular intervention in the metabolism of thebacteria, and, second, to excrete the synthesized L-cysteine into the nutrientbroth.
In termsof end-use industry, the cysteine market can be divided into food & dietarysupplement industry, cosmetic industry, and pharmaceutical industry. In thefood industry segment, L-cysteine is used as an intermediate for processflavorings. It is primarily used in meat flavorings and roast aromas.L-cysteine is also added to various types of dough during processing to breakdown the gluten in order to make dough easier to knead and process. Cysteine isprimarily used in the production of cysteine derivatives N-acetyl-L-cysteineand S-(carboxymethyl)-L-cysteine in the pharmaceutical industry. L-cysteine isalso employed as processing auxiliary for refolding genetically engineeredprotein active molecules. For instance, it is used in the production of humaninsulin. L-cysteine is used as anti-aging agent in the cosmetic industry.
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In termsof geography, the cysteine market can be segregated into Asia Pacific, Europe,North America, Latin America, and Middle East & Africa. Europe, NorthAmerica, and Asia Pacific are the major regions of the cysteine market. AsiaPacific is expected to emerge as the leading region of the cysteine marketduring the forecast period. Latin America exhibits significant potential forthe cysteine market. The market in Middle East & Africa is anticipated toexpand substantially with the innovation in the use of cysteine.
Keyplayers operating in the cysteine market are Wacker Chemie AG, AjinomotoPte.Ltd, Wuxi Bikang Bioengineering Co., Ltd., Donboo Amino Acid Co. Ltd, andMerck KGaA.
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