The phenotypes of the hybrid seed in interploidy crossings are suggestive of the antagonistic roles of the maternal and paternal genomes on endosperm development. Cross failure across species can occasionally mimic interploidy cross failure within species. parent-of-origin effects can also induce abnormal seed development in interspecies crosses, depending on the direction of the cross. Various genetic pathways, such as incompatibility between maternally derived tissue and endosperm, and uniparental (cytoplasmic) inheritance of organelles like as mitochondria and plastids, contribute to the functional differences between male and female genomes.
These processes are demonstrated by examining crosses between closely related Arabidopsis species. Arabidopsis arenosa has a haploid chromosome number of 8 and an estimated genome size of 203 Mbp, whereas Arabidopsis thaliana has a haploid chromosome number of 5. (Johnston et al., 2005). In this interspecies cross, the creation of a reproductive barrier may be triggered by a combination of various intrinsic signals, specifically changes in DNA sequences and ploidy levels. Rice species share the same number of chromosomes (2n = 24) and genomic sizes (430 Mbp).
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