In 1796, British physician Edward Jenner developed the first vaccination, which employed the cowpox virus (vaccinia) to protect people against smallpox, a similar virus. Prior to that, Asian physicians used the notion of Vaccines to protect infants from smallpox by giving them dried crusts from the lesions of adults who had the disease. Some people gained immunity, while others contracted the sickness. Jenner's contribution was the application of a chemical that conferred immunity in a way that was comparable to, but safer than, smallpox. As a result, he took advantage of the rather uncommon condition in which immunisation to one virus imparts protection against another virus. Injecting lambs with a mixture containing attenuated strains of the bacillus, French scientist Louis Pasteur proved vaccination against anthrax in 1881. Four years later he developed a protective suspension against rabies.
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