PorcineReproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) is a disease of swine causinglate-term reproductive failure and severe pneumonia in neonatal pigs. Symptomsinclude reproductive failure, pneumonia and increased susceptibility to secondarybacterial infection. PCV2b is the predominant genotype of porcine circovirus(PCV) in the pig population. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is associatedwith postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome in pigs, whereas PCV1 isnonpathogenic. PCV2b is recognized as the etiological agent of the variousclinical manifestations of porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD). PCVADhas been the cause of considerable economic losses to the pork industryworldwide. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vaccines, bothinactivated and live-attenuated with chimeric PCV1-2b, induce a robust antibodyresponses.
Inthe U.S alone, the economic losses caused by PRRS amount to more than US$ 560million every year. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) is a member of the familyCircoviridae, a recently established virus family composed of small,non-enveloped viruses, with a circular, single-stranded DNA genome. Based onthe sequence analyses of PCV2 strains, isolates can be divided into fivesubtypes (PCV2a–e). Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome vaccine is modifiedwith live virus. Commercial porcinereproductive and respiratory syndrome vaccines, both modified live andkilled, have been used and they have been effective in controlling outbreaksand preventing economic losses. Reproductive failure in breeding herds,predominately associated with increased numbers of mummies and non-viablepiglets at parturition are some of the effects of PCV2 infection.
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