Aptamers that have not been changed have a half-life of just a few seconds to several hours. The primary causes of this are nuclease degradation, which physically degrades the aptamers, and kidney clearance as a result of the Aptamers Market small size and low molecular weight. A serum half-life of days to weeks is possible thanks to a number of changes, including polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkage and 2'-fluorine-substituted pyrimidines. PEGylation can add enough size and mass to a substance to block renal clearance in vivo. A coagulation issue can be treated using unmodified aptamers. When they are used on the eye, where there is less nuclease present and the pace of clearance is slower, the problem of clearance and nuclease digestion is lessened.
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