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The following are the risks of using a nasal cannula: Distension of the abdomen. Children and people undergoing anaesthesia are especially vulnerable to abdominal distension, or stomach bloating. Other oxygen-delivery devices maintain a higher level of positive airway pressure and pose no risk of distension. However, because HFNCs have lower positive airway pressure, some gas can enter the digestive system and cause abdominal bloating.
Nasal irritation or injury This is more common with low flow nasal cannulas, but it can happen with high flow systems as well. Pneumothorax (collapsed lung). During HFNC treatment, there is a slight risk of developing a collapsed lung. In one study, two children, or 1% of the children in the study, developed a pneumothorax after receiving supplemental oxygen through a nasal cannula.
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