Aerogels, despite their name, are solid, stiff, dry materials that do not physically resemble gels; the name comes from the fact that they are constructed of gels. Because they are mostly made of insulating gas, aerogel effectively exclude two of the three mechanisms of heat transfer: conduction and convection (the microstructure prevents net gas movement). They nearly exclusively consist of gases, which are very bad heat conductors, making them excellent conductive insulators. (Silica is also a poor conductor of heat, making it a particularly good insulator; a metallic or carbon aerogel would be less effective.) They are effective convective inhibitors because the lattice prevents air flow.
Because infrared radiation which transmits heat passes through Aerogels, they are ineffective radiative insulators. An air-based substance is called aerogel. Aerogel have a solid, porous network that is filled with air pockets, which occupy the majority of the material's volume. Because there is a lack of solid material, aerogel can be practically weightless.
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