sludge process in which the membrane filtration unit."
The membrane bio reactor (MBR) process is a modification of the conventional activated sludge process in which the membrane filtration unit, instead of a secondary sedimentation tank, is used to separate the effluent from the activated sludge.
A submerged membrane bio reactor (SMBR) in which the membrane module is submerged inside the bio reactor tank and the permeate is suctioned directly by dead-end filtration. The membranes might be either submerged in the aeration tank or in the membrane tank according to the membrane make. In submerged configurations, the air is supplied for biological processes and membrane scouring. A SMBR is more often used to treat municipal wastewater, and can apply both hollow-fiber membranes (horizontal or vertical) and flat-plate membranes.
A suction or vacuum pump is needed to create a TMP difference for permeate production. In this case, no circulation pump is needed because cross-flow is created by aeration. This concept was first developed in 1989 to reduce energy consumption compared with side-stream MBR configuration. In some cases, the permeate side is placed in a lower position and gravity itself is the only driving force for the filtration.
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