A chemical agent or compound known as a disinfectant is used to inactivate or eradicate bacteria on inert surfaces. Disinfection is less effective than sterilisation, which is an extreme physical or chemical process that eliminates all forms of life, although it does not necessarily kill all microbes, particularly resistant bacterial spores. Disinfectants are typically distinguished from other antimicrobial substances like antibiotics and antiseptics, which kill bacteria on live tissue and inside the body, respectively. Disinfectants differ from biocides in that the latter are meant to eradicate all living things, not simply microbes. In order to kill bacteria, disinfectants either break down their cell walls or disrupt their metabolism.
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