The primary application, accounting for approximately 75% of the MMA consumed, is the production of polymethyl methacrylate acrylic polymers. Methyl methacrylate is also used to make the co-polymer methyl methacrylate-butadiene-styrene, which is utilised as a PVC modifier. Another application is cement, which is utilised in total hip and total knee replacements. It is used as the "grout" by orthopaedic surgeons to make the bone inserts fix into bone, reducing post-operative pain from the insertions but has a limited lifespan. Methyl Methacrylate as bone cement has a typical lifespan of 20 years before requiring revision surgery. Cemented implants are typically used in elderly patients who require quick short-term replacements. Cementless implants are employed in younger populations since they have a much longer lifespan.
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