Cylindrical bioreactors range in size from liters to cubic meters.

In bioreactors, organisms or biochemically active substances may be attached to the surface of a solid medium or submerged in a liquid medium. Cultures submerged in water may be halted or paralysed. Since no particular attachment surfaces are required, suspension bioreactors may be able to sustain a greater range of species and function on a much larger scale than immobilised cultures. The organisms, however, will be removed from the reactor together with the effluent in a continually run process. A broad definition of immobilisation includes a range of techniques for attaching or trapping cells or particles.

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