A biopesticide is a natural substance that controls pests without killing them. It can be made from microbes found in soil. Some fungi are particularly effective at controlling certain weeds, while others are highly toxic to mammals. A common microbial biopesticide is Bacillus thuringiensis. Some substances found in nature also act as pesticides. These substances, such as garlic oil, black pepper, and corn gluten, can be synthesized and used in agricultural production.
Biopesticides can be classified into two categories: biochemical and microbial. They differ in their basic properties but are grouped together for regulatory purposes. The European Union (EU) requires that all biopesticides are proving to be effective. Only approved products are legally used in crop protection. For example, only a few types of algae are considered biopesticides, while many others are considered organic. In regions such as the U.S., the increasing usage of pesticides has increased the production of biopesticides. For instance, according to the U.S. National Institutes of Health (NIH), more than 1 billion pounds of pesticides are utilized in the U.S. annually.
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