Some recombinant structural proteins may be assembled into virus-like particles (VLPs). One or more viral proteins may make up the VLP, and the particles may be either non-enveloped or enveloped. VLPs present viral antigen in a manner that more closely resembles the infectious virus. VLPs are potent immunogens and may not require adjuvants. Because VLPs contain no viral genetic material they cannot replicate in the recipient animal. A similar type of vaccine may be developed through the use of bacterial “ghosts,” bacteria that have been emptied of their contents, especially their DNA.
Vaccination has long been an effective way to reduce disease burden in pets and farm animals, and is a key tool in maintaining animal health and welfare. Vaccines continue to play an increasingly vital role in preventative health and disease control programmes in animals. Innovative research and the development of safe, effective and quality vaccines means that our pets and farm animals continue to benefit from vital medicines that prevent or alleviate clinical signs of disease
