A nanoemulsion is generally a nanoemulsified liquid, which consists of extremely fine droplets that are made up of dispersed solid materials. The droplet sizes can vary but can be from a few micrometers up to several millimeters in diameter. Their size varies from 10 to 1,000 nm. The size can depend upon various factors such as the concentration needed and the type of substances to be contained. Nanoemulsion has the potential to improve the efficiency of drug delivery by reducing the need for expensive clinical facilities. The emulsification of molecules has the potential to provide better drug concentration at a lower cost.
The emulsification of nanoemulsion results in high concentrations of micron-sized molecules, which are insoluble in water. The primary difference between emulsion and nanoemulsion lies in the size and shape of particulates suspended in the liquid phase at any particular time. With nanoemulsification, the particulates are small enough to be suspended in a liquid medium, however, with nanoemulsion, the particulates are too large to be able to be suspended by water. Nanoemulsification has the ability to deliver high concentrations of molecules that are insoluble in solutions to which physical or chemical pressure has been applied. A nanoemulsion comprises a combination of surfactant and emulsifier. The surfactant acts as a medium in which the molecules of the drug can travel. This method is used to promote the adsorption of drug molecules on the surface of the carrier.
Nanoemulsions are manufactured to improve the delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients. These are thermodynamically stable isotropic systems in which two immiscible liquids are combined through an emulsifying agent (surfactant and co-surfactant) to form a single phase. Nanoemulsions are widely used in pharmaceutical systems. It may also protect drugs, which are susceptible to oxidation and hydrolysis. Moreover, they are widely used for targeted drug delivery of many anticancer drugs, therapeutic agents, or photo sensitizers. It may also provide prolonged action of medications. Furthermore, nanoemulsion has controlled release, protection against degradation, rapid digestibility, good stability, and high capability of enhancing drugs’ bioavailability. It can be manufactured with great flexibility to deliver various drug moieties with different characteristics.
Nanoemulsion offers several advantages over conventional drug delivery systems. The main application of nanoemulsions in the field of biomedicine is the delivery of poorly soluble drugs and active pharmaceutical compounds to the specific site. Moreover, they help improve the bioavailability of drugs considered as a safe and effective delivery system. Nanoemulsion has become an increasingly popular method of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and drug delivery. For this reason, there are now several companies that specialize in nanoemulsification. A few well known nanoemulsifying agents are Dermalogica, Biokleen, Kinerase, and Optiprost. These companies have been successful in creating unique emulsions for a wide range of uses, including drug delivery, wound care, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical applications. Nanoemulsion is an advanced mode of drug delivery system that has been developed to overcome the major drawbacks associated with conventional drug delivery systems.
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