Polymerization inhibitors are chemicals that are used to stabilise reactive monomers and prevent them from spontaneously polymerizing. Other names for them include polymerization suppressors, polymerization retardants, polymerization terminators, and polymerization controllers. Polymerization inhibitors work by reacting with growing-chain radicals or imitators to slow or stop the polymerization process. They should, however, be added in a controlled amount to a reaction. They cause polymerization in vessels and pipes when added in small amounts, necessitating mechanical removal. On the contrary, if excessive amounts are added, it causes problems during the polymerization stage. Aromatic nitro compounds, amines, quinines, and hydroquinones are among the most widely used polymerization inhibitors in a wide range of industries.
Polymerization inhibitors prevent temperature excursions caused by exothermic polymerization, "fouling," and the accumulation of large amounts of polymer in the process, allowing manufacture and purification to run smoothly, reducing unscheduled shutdowns and increasing output. The inhibition efficiency and protection length of styrene inhibitors are classified. 'Retarders' have lower efficiency but are effective for a longer period of time. 'True inhibitors' are more efficient but have a shorter duration of action.
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