Synthetic polymers made from the reaction of phenol or substituted phenol with formaldehyde are known as phenol formaldehyde resins (PF) or phenolic resins. PFs were the first commercial synthetic resins, and they were used to make Bakelite (plastics). They've been utilised to make moulded objects like billiard balls and laboratory surfaces, as well as coatings and adhesives. They were once the principal material used to make circuit boards, but epoxy resins and fibreglass fabric, as well as fire-resistant FR-4 circuit board materials, have essentially supplanted them.
Phenolic resins are used in a wide range of industrial applications. Phenolic laminates are created by impregnating one or more layers of a base material with phenolic resin and then laminating the resin-saturated base material under heat and pressure. During this phase, the resin fully polymerizes (cure) and forms the thermoset polymer matrix. The base material chosen is determined by the final product's intended use. Electrical components such as punch-through boards, household laminates, and paper composite panels are made with paper phenolics. In the high-speed bearing industry, glass phenolics are particularly well suited. For density control, phenolic micro-balloons are used. Phenolic resin is the binding agent in conventional (organic) brake pads, brake shoes, and clutch discs. Countertops are composed of synthetic resin bound paper, which is made of phenolic resin and paper. The production of duroplast, which is famously used in Trabant automobiles, is another application for phenolic resins.
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