The need for high quality, highly pure DNA and RNA is important for a wide variety of research and clinical applications. These nucleic acids are being isolated from a variety of sources such as cells including bacterial cells, PCR reactions, restriction enzyme digestions and agars gel matrices, to name a few. Purification methods optimized for various sample types have emerged over time. Modifications are made periodically to improve sample quality and yield, reduce processing time, and to ensure compatibility with existing workflows and equipment. The initial step in isolating nucleic acids from cells is to rupture the cell membrane in order to liberate the DNA. Chemotropic salts, alkaline denaturation, or detergents are frequently used to accomplish this. Nucleic Acid Isolation and Purification The soluble cell lysate components must next be separated from the cellular debris and other insoluble compounds. Centrifugation and vacuum filtration are commonly used to achieve this separation, although magnetic clearing has lately acquired widespread favor. Finally, the nucleic acids must be isolated from the lysate's other soluble components, including proteins.
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