Zopiclone is a nonbenzodiazepine used to treat insomnia. It is offered under the trade names Imovane and others. Zopiclone is classified as a cyclopyrrolone and is molecularly separate from benzodiazepine medications. However, zopiclone, like benzodiazepine medications, enhances the normal transmission of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the central nervous system via modifying benzodiazepine receptors.
Zopiclone has a mortality index similar to that of benzodiazepine medications, with the exception of temazepam, which is highly deadly in overdose. Deaths have occurred from its overdose, either alone or in combination with other medicines. An overdose can cause severe sleepiness and a decrease in respiratory function, which can lead to coma and death. When it is coupled with alcohol, opiates, or other central nervous system depressants, lethal overdoses are more likely.
Overdosage of zopiclone can be treated with flumazenil, a benzodiazepine receptor antagonist that displaces zopiclone from its binding site on the benzodiazepine receptor, reversing its effects quickly. When taken with piperazine, its overdose can have serious consequences on the heart.
The number of zopiclone-related deaths is on the rise, according to death certificates. It is normally not dangerous when taken alone, but when combined with alcohol or other medications like opioids, especially in people with respiratory or hepatic diseases, the chance of a major and fatal overdose rises.
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