Artificial blood is a novel concept in transfusion medicine in which specially designed compounds replace allogenic human blood transfusion by transporting and delivering oxygen in the body. Several molecules have been developed in recent decades to achieve this goal, and continuous refinements are being made in the search for the ideal blood substitute. At the moment, available technology produces artificial blood from haemoglobin derived from old human/bovine blood (Haemoglobin Based Oxygen Carriers) or by utilising Perfluorocarbons. These synthetic blood substitutes have the advantage of not requiring compatibility testing, being free of blood-borne infections, having a longer shelf life, and not requiring refrigeration. Artificial blood is expected to have a significant impact on the future development of medical care. It can supplement current blood products for transfusion while also ensuring a consistent supply of safe and effective products. It is likely to drastically reduce the need for blood transfusions, particularly in trauma and surgery settings, reducing reliance on banked donated blood.
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