Carbon tetrachloride is an organic compound known by various names in other industries. In the chemical industry, it is known as tetrachloromethane, carbon tet in the cleaning industry, Refrigerant-10 in the development of HVACR units, and Halon-104 for use in fire extinguishers. Carbon tetrachloride is a clear, stable, volatile chlorinated hydrocarbon with a faint, sweet odor that is thicker than water (13.2 lb/gal) and insoluble in water. It is non-combustible and finds primary use in fire extinguishers, as well as as a cleaning agent and refrigerant precursor.
Carbon tetrachloride was previously widely used in lava lamps, as a dry cleaning solvent, and as a refrigerant. Carbon tetrachloride is a key component in lava lamps because it adds weight to the otherwise pliable wax. However, due to its harmful effects on health, its use as a solvent has declined significantly over the years, and it has been replaced by other solvents such as tetrachloroethylene and other deuterated solvents.
It is currently mostly used in laboratories as a reagent, a solvent, and a chlorine source in the chemical industry. Furthermore, it is highly toxic to the liver (hepatotoxic) and is used in hepatoprotective agent research and development. High concentrations of carbon tetrachloride inhaled (or ingested and absorbed through the skin) can depress central nervous system activity and result in death or coma. Its use has declined in recent decades due to its ozone depletion properties. Such factors are expected to limit future demand for carbon tetrachloride.
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