Antibiotic bone cement and casting materials, such as poly-methyl-methacrylate, coralline hydroxyapatite, calcium sulphate, and calcium phosphate cement, are used in orthopaedic and trauma surgery for implant fixation. Antibiotic bone cement can be used to either treat an infection that has occurred after surgery or to prevent an infection from occurring during surgery. Antibiotic bone cement and casting materials are commonly utilised to secure joint implants to the bone. Tobramycin, cefuroxime, and gentamicin are the most regularly utilised antibiotics in bone cement clinical research globally.
For for than a half-century, bone cement has supported artificial elbow, knee, and shoulder joints. Bone cement fills the space between the bone and the prosthetic, whereas casting materials are made of plastic and encase the limb to fix shattered bones. Acrylate-based polymers are also utilised in bone cement. Casting materials are used to support broken or shattered bones. These materials serve as a bandage or supporting wrap around a fractured or injured bone. These materials come in a variety of sizes and forms, with fibreglass and plasters being the most commonly utilised casting materials in antibacterial bone cement.
Thus, as the number of falls, sports injuries, and road accidents rises, so does the demand for antimicrobial bone cement and casting materials around the world. Hip and knee injuries are caused by a fall from a great height, trauma, or a vehicle collision. Furthermore, a lack of protective equipment during sports leads to major joint injuries. Japan's population is rapidly ageing, and hip and knee osteoarthritis is highly frequent among the elderly. According to Japan's Aging Society, around 28.7 percent of the population is 65 or older, and by 2036, persons 65 and over would account for one-third of the population.
Total hip or knee replacement improves joint function, quality of life, and pain relief. In some circumstances, antibiotic bone cement is utilised to treat infected joint arthroplasty and as a prophylaxis in total joint replacement. As a result, there is a growing global demand for antibacterial bone cement and casting materials.
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