Water turbine is a turbomachine that turns the potential flow energy in water into mechanical energy

Impulse turbines are utilised for high water heads and low flow rates, while reaction turbines are typically used for low water turbine heads and moderate to high flow rates. The Pelton impulse turbine and reaction turbines of the Francis, propeller, Kaplan, and Deriaz varieties are included in these two classifications. Turbines can be configured with either horizontal or vertical shafts. Within each kind, wide design modifications are feasible to satisfy the individual local hydraulic circumstances. Most hydraulic turbines are now utilised to generate power in hydroelectric plants. Typically, the mounting position is vertical. The gear units use the tried-and-true "dry well" design, which eliminates oil leaks and safeguards the environment.

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