In brief
The study looks at recent studies on the impact of open access (free access) on scientists' behaviour as writers, readers, and citers in developed and developing countries. It also examines how broadly the biomedical literature is used by the general public. According to researchers, access to scientific papers is normally great and improving.
Introduction
The belief that subscription-based publishing has resulted in a crisis of access to scientific publications [1] is a compelling argument in favour of open access publishing. This study investigates that claim by reviewing current literature and illustrating how open access has impacted scholars, clinicians, and the general public in both developed and developing countries.
Methods
The study is based on a review of existing empirical research that attempts to quantify — directly or indirectly — academics, physicians, and the general public's access to and use of scientific material. Bibliographic databases, referenced references, personal interaction, and prior knowledge of the issue were all used to find relevant books. Papers on the economics of scientific publication, for example, are omitted from studies of how information is created, published, and made publicly available.
The study is based on a review of existing empirical research that aims to measure academics, clinicians, and the general public's access to and use of scientific content, either directly or indirectly. To identify appropriate books, bibliographic databases, referred references, personal interaction, and prior understanding of the problem were all utilised. Studies of how information is created, published, and made publicly available, for example, omit papers on the economics of scientific publication.
Approaches to studying scholars' use of the scientific literature
Each strategy has advantages and disadvantages. To derive conclusions about a given community, surveys can elicit the replies of thousands of people. While in-depth interviews have limited generalizability, they may be used to go further into a topic and study the values and motives of interviewees.
Authorship and use of the scientific literature by scholars in developed nations
Periodic examinations of scientists' information-seeking and reading habits in the United States have identified three tendencies over the last thirty years: (1) Scientists are reading more articles while spending less time searching for and retrieving them; (2) scientists are reading from a broader range of journals and extending their reading into older literature; and (3) scientists have become more reliant on institutional (library) access to journal collections, though they still use informal sources like preprint servers and colleagues.
Studies based on unobtrusive methods
Downloads
Data obtained from Elsevier and Oxford University Press's online transaction logs reveals two critical trends over the last few years: an increase in the number of journals accessible at a typical university and an even more significant growth in the number of article downloads [2]. These figures are used as evidence by package deal publishers that they add value to the academic community.
Citations
The influence of online and open access on citation behaviour among academics is unclear. The extent to which improved access has extended the scope of referenced material is a point of contention.
Impact of free access on clinical decision making
Participants in the study were given one of four access options: (1) no mention of the relevant article, (2) a citation to the article without a hyperlink, (3) a citation with a link to the article (which costs $11.95), or (4) a citation with a link to a free copy of the article. After a week, participants were asked to read a vignette regarding the article's topic and provide recommendations for medical intervention. Participants in group 4 were the most likely to say they had read the article in both experiments. Only one research found that reading the article made a recommendation based on the information it provided. These findings suggest that having free access to research publications enhances the chance of downloading and reading them.
Summary and discussion
While free access encourages more people to read, the influence on citations is still being studied. According to current studies, there is little indication of unmet demand for primary medical or health sciences books among the general audience. There have been no revisions that look at how open access to scientific publications affects the usage of scientific knowledge in non-research settings, including teaching, medical practice, industry, and government.
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