Distraction Osteogenesis Devices
Distraction Osteogenesis Devices are used to reconstruct skeletal deformities and lengthen body bones. Distraction osteogenesis (DO), or distraction histogenesis, osteodistraction, callotasis, or callus distraction, is a surgical process used in reconstructive surgery, oral and maxillofacial surgery, podiatric surgery, and orthopedic surgery to repair skeletal deformities. Distraction Osteogenesis Devices are used to treat increasing number of bone defect cases and craniofacial anomalies such as hemifacial microsomia, craniosynostosis, cleft palate, and others. Based on the application, distraction osteogenesis devices can be classified as craniofacial (skull), palatal (roof of the mouth), alveolar (in teeth bearing region of the jaws), maxillary (upper jaw), and mandibular (lower law).
Distraction osteogenesis is often used to treat fractures associated with disease of the bones or joints. The process may also be employed to treat injuries, deformities resulting from spinal trauma, tumors, or infections of the musculoskeletal system. It is responsible for treating and remodeling of the bone, as opposed to the controlling and shaping of the tissue that surrounds it. An example of a problem area where this technique can be used is the hip fracture. Patients with a variety of conditions, including chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), facial bones with malformations, headaches, sinus problems, high blood pressure, and facial asymmetry are good candidates for distraction osteogenesis.
Patients who have undergone bypass surgery and those who have had cranial bypass surgery are at an increased risk for this procedure. Patients with deformities that interfere with sitting, standing, walking, chewing, or swallowing are also a good candidate for this procedure. There are three parts to distraction osteogenesis. The first involves inserting the osteocyte through an incision in the side of the skull, through which it is guided through the opening of a nasal passage. The second part consists of sculpting the calvarium, which includes sculpting the head and neck muscles and the bones of the mandible and cranial cavity. The third part entails the removal of the calvarium and sculpting the bones and cartilage of the nasomaxillary complex.
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