A solar cell transforms sunlight directly into electricity, which can be used immediately or stored temporarily. Solar cells have a modest power output and must be coupled in large groups, which limits their application. In direct sunshine, solar panels with a conversion efficiency of 15-20% (sunlight energy to electrical power) generate roughly 150–200 W/m2 (0.019–0.025 hp/sq ft). The output of a badly performing panel affects the output of all the panels on its circuit, limiting usable regions even more. This means that they all require comparable circumstances, such as being at a similar angle to the sun and not being covered by shadow.
For Electric Aircraft, Solar power is interesting for high-altitude, long-endurance applications due to the unrestricted availability of sunlight, which is substantially more effective than on the ground due to the cold and lower air interference.
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