Regional PD-1 and PDL-1inhibitors market outlook
A major share of the revenue ofthe global PD-1And PDL-1 Inhibitors Market is currently concentrated in North America,Europe, and Japan as these are the three major revenue generating nations withhigh insurance coverage, high healthcare investment, and are highly developedpharmaceutical markets. The market players would be eyeing other regions fortapping the cancer treatment market opportunities in those regions. Uncertainregulations challenging the sales of patented pharmaceutical products has beena major deterring factor for global pharmaceutical companies to enter intoemerging economies. However, novel rugs for cancer type with no treatmentavailable currently would find positive outlook in these regions, though thehigh pricing would inhibit their sales in emerging economies.
Key players operating in theglobal PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors market include Pfizer, Inc., Bristol-MyersSquibb, Merck KGaA, AstraZeneca plc, F. Hoffmann-La Roche AG, Merck & Co.Inc., Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Novartis AG, and Ono Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.
Targeted cancer therapy is theprimary objective of extensive research related to cancer drugs. Our immunecells are programmed to attack the foreign cell on activation. PD-1 and PDL-1are among those activation points present on the immune cells. Sometimes cancercells also use this PD-1 and PDL-1 trigger points to avoid being attacked bythe immune cells. Therefore, cancer drugs targeting these cells hold tremendouspotential in the cancer treatment market. Approved PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitordrugs have become blockbuster products. The global PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitorsmarket is segmented based on the drug type and application as follows:
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PD-1 inhibitors are effective intreating non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), kidney cancer, melanoma of theskin, head and neck cancers, bladder cancer, and Hodgkin lymphoma. Opdivo isleading the race with US$ 3.8 Bn in sales in 2016, compared to US$ 1.4 Bn ofKeytruda in 2016. Both these drugs have garnered significant development inpast two years with respect to extended therapeutic application and approvals inEuropean countries and Japan.
PDL-1 inhibitors are proven to beeffective in NSCLC, bladder cancer, and Merkel cell skin cancer. Avelumabreceived FDA approval in March 2017 for metastatic Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC),a rare skin cancer with no approved therapies. The drug therefore, receivedapproval under the accelerated approval process, requiring the developers,Pfizer, Inc. and Merck KGaA to conduct larger clinical trials to establishcomplete safety and efficacy of the drug. The drug is also being tested forbladder cancer, NSCLC, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, and renal cancer, underthe JAVELIN clinical trial program. Extended therapeutic applications widensthe potential opportunity for the drugs in the global PD-1 inhibitors and PDL-1inhibitors market.
Active research activities tospur the global PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors market growth
PD-1 and PDL-1 biomarkers arealso called immune checkpoints. Trails from Merck & Co. and Bristol-MyersSquibb have shown PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors to be effective in patientsexpressing higher level of PD-1 and PDL-1 biomarkers, restricting the potentialmarket to only these patients. Therefore, all of the big pharma companies inthe global market of PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors are combining the PD-1 and PDL-1inhibitors with other targeted cancer drugs to cater to a larger set ofpopulation. The global PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors market is poised to growsignificantly with more product developments in the segment.
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There are 65 clinical studies inphase 2 and phase 3 phase globally. Commercialization of a novel drug in thissegment would be a great booster for the growth for the PD-1 and PDL-1inhibitors market.
Key Developments
Research and developmentactivities related to PD-1 and PDL-1 inhibitors is expected to boost the marketgrowth. For instance, in March 2018, researchers from University Hospital CarlGustav Carus, Germany, observed that the expression of the inhibitory immunecheckpoints PD-L1 and VISTA may explain the poor responsiveness of prostatecancer patients to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 blockade and supports thedesign of a combination therapy targeting both molecules.
In May 3, 2019, researchers fromShin-Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital reported that PD-1 inhibitors showanti-tumor effects on advanced malignancies, including metastatic melanoma,advanced cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial tumors, and duodenaladenocarcinoma in renal transplant patients.
In August 2019, researchers fromJagiellonian University, Poland, used well-known in vitro methods and revealedthat there is no direct binding between CA-170 – the only small-moleculemodulator in clinical trials targeting PD-L1 and VISTA proteins and PD-L1.
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