Evolutionarily speaking, all creatures have a conserved innate immune response. An essential and effective immune defence mechanism is the complement system. It is made up of plasma proteins that take part in the detection of microorganisms, which in turn triggers the creation of different compounds with antibacterial action. Effector proteins that are secreted belong to the superfamily of Thioester-containing proteins (TEPs). Certain TEPs function in the innate immune response in vertebrates by encouraging the recruitment of immune cells, phagocytosis, and the direct lysis of microbial invaders. For analysing the molecular underpinnings of innate immune identification and response to a variety of microbial illnesses, insects are good models. Important information on the function of TEPs in the antibacterial and antiparasite response of the tractable model insect has been produced by impressive advances in recent years. and Drosophila melanogaster
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