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herbicide: Pesticides used to kill or control the growth of weeds are called herbicides. The beginning of farmland chemical weeding can be traced back to the end of the 19th century. In the control of grape downy mildew in Europe, Bordeaux mixture was occasionally found to harm some cruciferous weeds without harming cereal crops; France, Germany and the United States also found the herbicidal effects of sulfuric acid and copper sulfate, and used them in wheat and other places Of weeding.
The era of organic chemical herbicides began with the discovery of the selective herbicide dinitrophenol in 1932. The appearance of 2,4-D in the 1940s greatly promoted the rapid development of the organic herbicide industry. The glyphosate synthesized in 1971 has the characteristics of broad herbicidal spectrum and no pollution to the environment.
This is a major breakthrough in organophosphorus herbicides. Coupled with the emergence of various new formulas and new technologies, the weeding effect has been greatly improved. In 1980, herbicides accounted for 41% of the world's total pesticide sales, surpassing pesticides and ranking first. Since then, the development of herbicides in the world has gradually stabilized, mainly developing high-efficiency, low-toxicity, broad-spectrum, and low-consumption varieties, and disposable treatment agents with low environmental pollution have gradually become the mainstream.
Herbicides can be classified according to their mode of action, application site and source of compound. Sodium chlorate, borax, arsenic acid and trichloroacetic acid have killing effects on any kind of plant, but because these have residual effects, they cannot be used in the field. Selective herbicides, especially derivatives of nitrophenol, chlorophenol and carbamate, are most effective. Among them are o-isopropyl-N-phenylalanine-nylcarbate [O-isopropyl-N-phe-nylcarbate, referred to as IPC: C6H5NHCOOCH-(CH3) 2], sodium dinitro-O-methanesulfonate, etc. . The most famous auxin herbicide is 2,4-D. It is believed to destroy the hormone balance in plants and cause physiological disorders.
