Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a hormonal disorder generally seen in women of reproductive age. In a normal state, these hormones are present in small amounts in women. And in this condition, the ovaries produce an unusually large amount of male sex hormones or androgens.
In PCOS, a large number of fluid-filled sacs or small cysts develop in the ovaries.
When the male sperm does not fertilize a mature egg released from the ovary, the unfertilized egg is ejected from the body during menstruation. In some cases, adequate hormones are not created for successful ovulation. When ovulation fails, the ovaries may develop a number of small cysts, which creates androgens. A high level of androgens is seen in women with PCOS. Women with this problem may have a painful and difficult menstrual cycle.
Causes of PCOS:
It is not clear how or what causes PCOS. Some research indicates insulin build-up may cause higher levels of androgen. Obesity is also associated with insulin increase. That’s why obese women may suffer worse symptoms of PCOS. Genetics is also a possible cause.
Symptoms of PCOS
The key symptoms are:
- Missed, irregular, or light periods
- Large ovaries with many cysts
- Skin tags or excess skin on the neck and armpits
- Excess weight around the belly
- Oily skin, acne
- Thinning hair
- Excess hair, especially on the stomach, back, and chest
- Infertility
Diagnosis of PCOS
Your doctor will look at your medical history and conduct a physical exam, including a pelvic exam. The aim is to know about the health of your reproductive organs, both inside and outside your body.
Your physician may also recommend the following tests:
Ultrasound
In this test, the computer uses sound waves to create images of blood vessels, tissues, and organs. It helps them look closely at the size of the ovaries and if they have any cysts. The test can also show the thickness of the lining of the uterus.
Blood Tests:
These tests look for high levels of androgens and hormones. Glucose levels, cholesterol, and triglycerides are also checked.
Treatment:
Treatment for Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is based on age, the severity of symptoms, and the patient’s general health. The doctor will also consider whether you want to start a family before deciding on a treatment plan. If you plan to get pregnant, the treatment will also include a change in activity and diet. The aim is to lose weight which can help reduce PCOS symptoms.
Medications
Medications can be prescribed to help the ovaries release eggs normally. The drawback is that these medications may result in multiple births. They may also cause hyper-stimulation of ovaries resulting in the release of more hormones. Some patients may experience abdominal bloating and pelvic pain.
If you don’t want to get into the family way, the doctor will prescribe birth control pills to control menstrual cycles. It can help lower the level of androgen.
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