Astaxanthin is a xanthophyll carotenoid that is naturally synthesised by a variety of bacteria, microalgae, and yeasts. This pigment has traditionally been produced commercially through chemical synthesis, but the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis appears to be the most promising source for industrial biological production. Because of its numerous functions in skin biology, there is mounting evidence that astaxanthin has numerous health benefits and important nutraceutical applications in dermatology. Although the exact mechanisms by which astaxanthin benefits skin homeostasis remain unknown, a variety of potential mechanisms, including photoprotective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects, have been proposed. This review summarises the available data on astaxanthin's functional role in skin physiology, outlines potential mechanisms involved in astaxanthin response, and highlights potential clinical implications associated with its consumption.
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