According to a finding of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) of the United States of America, pests and pathogens cost nearly $40 billion to the plants and forest crop production in the U.S. every year.

The residential and commercial gardens are also affected by the resultant economic loss. As a result, they incorporate agrichemical sprays and fertilizers to eradicate pest issues along with promoting plant growth and crop yields significantly.